Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit visible light when an electric current passes through them. They are commonly used in a variety of applications such as lighting, displays, and indicators. LEDs are energy efficient, long-lasting, and can produce light in a variety of colors. Research in this area focuses on improving the efficiency, brightness, and color range of LEDs, as well as developing new applications for this versatile technology. Some current research topics include the development of high-efficiency white LEDs, flexible and transparent LEDs, and micro-LEDs for use in displays and lighting systems.